I wrote a Harvard Business Review article that is hitting the stands (and I guess the web) next week called "How to Be a Good Boss in a Bad Economy." One of the points I make is that bosses aren't always sufficiently aware of how closely their subordinates are scrutinizing and trying to make sense of their behavior, and that people watch their bosses every move especially closely when fear is in the air, such is during the tough times so many organizations are suffering now. (see this "Interesting Shoes" post for a great example).
In the HBR article, I suggest that hyperfocus on the creature at the top of the pecking order is evident in other primates as well. And I quote research suggesting that in baboon troops, the typical members looks at the the alpha make every 20 to 30 seconds to see what he is doing. I was exchanging emails with the HBR editor I worked with on the piece, the amazing Julia Kirby, and she suggested that I put up a post to give people a bit more information about the source of this tidbit.
It comes from an article by anthropologist Lionel Tiger and here is the key excerpt. Note the key insight is pretty fascinating:"Chance's argument is that a major, if not the most
significant, characteristic of political interaction involves who looks at
whom." Start thinking about when you go to your next meeting or when you observe your next meeting — it is an insight with hundreds of implications, as it reveals the power and communication patterns, and helps explain why, although a group of seven or eight people may all seem to have been at the same meeting, in essence, each saw and heard completely different things. This quote below is pretty academic, but most academic writing isn't nearly this insightful or intriguing:
A proposition by Chance
about attention structure requires explication; it may well be one of the few
original and useful basic ideas to be developed about political systems in a
very long time (25). Chance's argument is that a major, if not the most
significant, characteristic of political interaction involves who looks at
whom. The suggestion is that the chief functional difference between the leader
and the follower is that the followers look at the leader; the opposite does
not happen as regularly or intensely. Chance's proposition refers primarily to
primates and applies most obviously to terrestrial animals, such as the
baboons, for whom it clearly would be in the interest of survival to centralize
information-like that coming from suba-dult males at the more dangerous and
revealing periphery of the troop-and to pay close, united regard to the
dominant male's signals. This is a deceptively simple idea; its analytical
virtue is that it crosscuts a host of structural factors in primate systems and
attends to very obvious behavioral ones.
For example, in a baboon troop all
animals will glance at the leader every 20 or 30 seconds and return to whatever
they are doing. The leader is, of course, normally found at the center of the
group, and almost by definition where the leader is constitutes the group's
center (except during movement). The forces of interaction then, in common
with the general importance of gregariousness in such animals, render these
societies centripetal, as Chance calls them, as opposed to centrifugal. The
tension between escape and staying and the problems of status and hierarchy are
articulated in a relatively elastic but nonetheless definable web which
constitutes the boundary between one primate group and another.
I guess that The Office's Michael Scott and that snarling baboon might have more in common than might appear at first. Indeed, that TV show captures pretty well how closely his people watch him, and how oblivious he can be to their actions, reactions, and needs. As the saying goes, one of the reasons that show is so funny is because it is so true.
P.S. The excerpt is from: "Dominance in Human Societies" Author(s): Lionel Tiger
Source: Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, Vol. 1 (1970), pp. 287-306
Published by: Annual Reviews.
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